fix(linalg): validate hamming batch layout

[lance-gatefixer]

Summary

• enforce the shared distance batch-layout invariants for Hamming batches in every build profile
• document the public layout contract and cover a trailing partial vector with a release-sensitive regression test

Root cause

hamming_distance_batch guarded its layout preconditions with debug-only assertions. Optimized builds therefore let chunks_exact discard an incomplete trailing vector and return fewer distances, allowing K-means to rank an incomplete centroid set.

Validation

• cargo test --release -p lance-linalg test_hamming_distance_batch_rejects_partial_vector
• cargo test -p lance-linalg --lib
• cargo test -p lance-linalg --doc
• cargo fmt --all -- --check
• cargo clippy --all --tests --benches -- -D warnings

Fixes #8871

[lance-gatekeeper]

✅ Gate recommendation: approve.

This fixes malformed Hamming batch handling at the public primitive with the same release-active layout contract used by L2 and Dot. The regression test covers the silent truncation path, and valid-call behavior and the public API remain unchanged.