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Refactor QuantumVariable methods and data structures - #989
Refactor the reaming quantum_variable.py methods and add more type hints.
Now live_qvs is a WeakValueDictionary, keys are the hash of the qv (creation_time for most types, id(self) for QuantumFloat and QuantumModulus).
The utitlity of using that class is that when no strong reference to a value in the dictionary is present, it is discarded. Thus, no need for a check if a QuantumVariable's ref is None anymore.
Moreover, name tracker is now a Counter. QuantumVariable's reduce now take a list of qubits explicitly, not sure if we want to preserve the old behavior but then the docstring should reflect that.
Related Issues
Closes #
Related to #
Type of Change
Feature (new functionality)
Change Request (modification of existing functionality)
Bug Fix
Refactoring (no behavior change)
Performance improvement
Documentation
CI / Build
Breaking Change?
Yes
No
If yes, describe the impact and migration path:
QuantumVariable.reduce only accepts a list of qubits. Passing a single Qubit now raises a TypeError. Migration: wrap the qubit in a list, i.e. qv.reduce([qv[0]]) instead of qv.reduce(qv[0]). All call sites inside Qrisp are updated.
QuantumVariable.live_qvs is a weakref.WeakValueDictionary mapping hash(qv) to the variable, instead of a list of weak references. Migration: iterate QuantumVariable.live_qvs.values() instead of dereferencing ref().
QuantumVariable.name_tracker is a collections.Counter instead of a dict.
What was changed?
live_qvs is a WeakValueDictionary keyed by hash(qv) (creation_time for most types, id(self) for QuantumFloat and QuantumModulus). QuantumSession.register_qv and TracingQuantumSession.register_qv add to it, delete() pops from it, and QuantumVariable.__del__ is removed, since dead entries drop out of the dictionary on their own.
get_unique_name uses the Counter and checks for collisions against live_qvs.values().
reduce takes list[Qubit] explicitly, raises a TypeError for a single Qubit, and raises in tracing mode. Callers in SBP_arithmetic.py, comparisons.py, ripple_division.py, ripple_mult.py and qrange.py are updated.
Errors are raised before any work is done: get_measurement checks for an open environment / deleted variable before resolving the backend, and duplicate(init=True) raises the tracing-mode error before allocating the duplicate.
The None check in __setitem__ (isinstance(type(value), type(None))) was never true, so it is removed rather than fixed: None can be a valid label (QuantumVariable.custom([None, ...])), so qv[:] = None is still passed on to the encoder. Behavior is unchanged from main.
Type hints and docstring fixes across the remaining methods (duplicate, encoder, encode, init_state, extend, get_measurement, __eq__/__ne__, app_phase_function, init_from, custom, plot_histogram).
Changelog entries under Improvements, API Changes and Development.
How was it tested?
No linked issue, so no Test-IDs. Tests run locally:
Tests
Status
tests/core_tests/test_quantum_session.py, test_quantum_variable.py, test_quantum_variable_naming.py (fixtures updated to the new live_qvs / name_tracker types)
✅
New TestSetItemEncoding in test_quantum_variable.py: qv[:] = value encodes every label of QuantumVariable.custom(["a", (1, 2), None, 3.5, frozenset({1})]) and every output of a custom decoder, and raises not supported by encoder for values outside them (including None on a plain QuantumVariable)
tests/primitives_tests/arithmetic_tests/test_comparisons.py, test_quantum_division.py, test_quantum_arithmetic.py (cover the updated reduce([...]) call sites)
✅
Screenshots / Output (if applicable)
Checklist
My code follows the project's coding standards
I have performed a self-review
I have added/updated tests (referencing issue Test-IDs)
All tests pass locally and in CI
I have updated the documentation
I have added a changelog entry to changelog-dev.rst
Breaking changes are documented with migration path
Reviewer Notes
Question: what do you think of changing QuantumVariable.reduce to accept only a list of qubits? Previously it also accepted a single Qubit (it tried len(qubits) and wrapped the argument in a list on TypeError exception). Requiring a list makes the signature reduce(qubits: list[Qubit], ...) honest and removes the try/except, but it breaks external code calling qv.reduce(qv[0]), which now gets a TypeError with a hint to pass a list. Would you rather keep accepting a single Qubit (and document qubits : Qubit | list[Qubit]), or go ahead with the breaking change?
Question: should QuantumVariable.__hash__ be id(self) for every type? It currently returns creation_time, but QuantumFloat and QuantumModulus still return id(self) (a leftover from 0.1.0). This mix caused a collision in test_gqsp_convolution.py, where RUS registers the same QuantumFloat twice; register_qv now overwrites the existing live_qvs entry instead. id(self) everywhere would be consistent, stable for the object's lifetime, and keep one live_qvs entry per object (with creation_time, a re-registered variable stays under both its old and new key until garbage-collected).
Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
Improved cleanup in arithmetic, comparison, division, multiplication, and range operations.
auto_uncompute now identifies temporary variables by creation order while preserving returned and pre-existing variables.
Quantum-variable naming now uses sequential fallback names, including when names are already in use.
Improvements
Reduction now requires a list of qubits and is not supported during tracing.
Added type information across quantum-variable operations and compilation.
Slice assignments now validate values through the variable’s encoder.
Documentation
Updated guidance on reduction requirements and quantum-variable bookkeeping.
Tests
Expanded coverage for cleanup, naming, lifecycle tracking, and assignment validation.
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Quantum-variable tracking and naming changed, and auto_uncompute now identifies new variables by creation time. QuantumVariable.reduce requires qubit lists, and its callers were updated. The pull request also changes assignment and measurement behavior, adds type annotations, and updates tests and changelog entries.
The global live-variable registry was removed. Name generation uses a counter. auto_uncompute selects variables by creation time and excludes returned variables by identity.
Qubit-list reduction contract and callers src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py, src/qrisp/alg_primitives/arithmetic/*, src/qrisp/misc/qrange.py, documentation/source/general/changelog/changelog-dev.rst
Duplication and assignment behavior src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py, tests/core_tests/test_quantum_variable.py, documentation/source/general/changelog/changelog-dev.rst
duplicate raises TracingModeError when initialization is requested during tracing. The special case that ignored None in assignment was removed. Tests cover custom labels, decoder outputs, unsupported values, and None.
Measurement and public API updates src/qrisp/core/compilation.py, src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py
Public methods gain type annotations and documentation. Measurement checks environment and deletion state before backend selection. Histogram lookup uses a default for missing counts.
eclipse-qrisp/Qrisp#1021 — The issue tracks the QuantumVariable refactor, part 2, and this pull request contributes changes described in that feature overview.
Suggested reviewers:positr0nium
Merge Risk: Low · previous review f7058
Existing single-qubit reduction calls now fail unless changed to pass a list. Preserve compatibility or accept the documented break before merging.
Security architecture risk: Low · up to c8831
The change affects shared variable ownership and requires migration for some callers. Collision rejection can leave partially registered state, although ordinary sequential identity allocation avoids collisions. The inspected measurement path preserves its existing backend selection and execution controls.
Retained concerns
Low · reliability · observed: If registration encounters a reused hash, both session implementations reject it after allocating qubits and appending the variable to session ownership, without rolling those mutations back. This leaves a rejected object owned by the session but absent from the live registry. Subsequent deletion of that object can pop the registry entry belonging to the earlier variable. This is a conditional failure-containment defect, not an established attacker-reachable path: ordinary sequential counter allocation avoids the collision, and concurrent-registration support was not established.
Security review details
Security Blast Radius
inferred — The registry's ownership scope is process-wide across core and tracing sessions, rather than confined to one variable or session. A registry identity inconsistency can therefore affect another session's live-variable bookkeeping; no tenant or remote attack boundary was established for this condition.
Trust Boundaries and Controls
observed — Measurement preserves explicit-backend, session-backend, then default-backend precedence. Tracing, open-environment, and deleted-variable checks remain before execution. The selected backend still reaches the shared measurement utility and backend.run; the inspected refactor does not change that execution destination.
Hardening Proposals
proposed — Define an explicit registration uniqueness and concurrency contract. Make collision rejection preserve session ownership and resource state, and make registry cleanup conditional on the entry still identifying the deleting object.
Pre-merge checks: 5
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Title check
The title clearly identifies the main change: refactoring QuantumVariable methods and data structures.
Description check
The description covers the required sections and includes change details, breaking-change guidance, and test results. However, its claims that live_qvs is a WeakValueDictionary and is updated during r…
Docstring Coverage
Docstring coverage is inconclusive: files from earlier reviews still need to be rechecked within the check's analysis limits. Not blocking.
Linked Issues check
Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check
Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Full details: Description check
Explanation
The description covers the required sections and includes change details, breaking-change guidance, and test results. However, its claims that live_qvs is a WeakValueDictionary and is updated during registration conflict with the change summary, which says the registry was removed.
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Actionable comments posted: 1
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Review comments at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py:
- Line 29: Reorder the imports in the standard-library and TYPE_CHECKING groups
to satisfy Ruff I001: place collections.Counter with the existing
standard-library imports before third-party imports, then apply Ruff’s canonical
ordering to the TYPE_CHECKING block containing qrisp, jax, typing, and
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Move the Counter import into the standard-library import group.
Ruff reports I001 for lines 19-35 in this file. The cause is the new from collections import Counter, which follows the third-party imports (jax, matplotlib, numpy). Put it next to from weakref import WeakValueDictionary. The I001 warning on lines 38-48 also comes from this change: the new TYPE_CHECKING block mixes qrisp, jax, typing and collections.abc imports in arbitrary order. Run ruff check --fix to fix both blocks.
♻️ Proposed fix
--- "a/src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py"+++ "b/src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py"@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
from __future__ import annotations
import copy
+from collections import Counter
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
from weakref import WeakValueDictionary
import jax.numpy as jnp
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from jax import tree_util
-from collections import Counter
from qrisp.circuit.pass_management.passes.combine_single_qubit_gates import combine_single_qubit_gates
from qrisp.core.compilation import qompiler
[warning] 19-35: Ruff I001: Import block is un-sorted or un-formatted.
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Review comment at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py at line 29:
Reorder the imports in the standard-library and TYPE_CHECKING groups to satisfy
Ruff I001: place collections.Counter with the existing standard-library imports
before third-party imports, then apply Ruff’s canonical ordering to the
TYPE_CHECKING block containing qrisp, jax, typing, and collections.abc imports.
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Accept phase functions for numeric labels in the annotation.
When a QuantumFloat phase function accepts a numeric label, Callable[[str], float] rejects that valid function during type checking. The method’s QuantumFloat example uses numeric labels. Use an input type that accommodates decoder labels, such as Any, rather than str.
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Review comment at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py at line 1220:
Update the phi annotation in QuantumVariable.app_phase_function to accept
decoder labels that may be numeric, using Any instead of str while preserving
the float return type.
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py:
- Line 355: Update the __lshift__ method annotation to accept variadic callable
arguments by replacing the single-argument Callable type with Callable[...,
QuantumVariable], matching the existing return_function(*args, **kwargs)
invocation and supporting functions such as AND(a, b).
---
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Review comments at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py:
- Line 1220: Update the phi annotation in QuantumVariable.app_phase_function to
accept decoder labels that may be numeric, using Any instead of str while
preserving the float return type.
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Use an annotation that matches the documented init_state inputs.
The method accepts decoder labels such as 0.5 and 2.0, but dict[str, np.complex128] restricts keys to strings. The method also accepts array-like inputs, including the documented NumPy array example. Use a hashable-key mapping and the supported array-like type.
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Review comment at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py at line 671:
Update the init_state method annotation to reflect its documented inputs: use a
mapping with hashable keys for decoder labels such as 0.5 and 2.0, and use the
supported array-like type for NumPy and similar array inputs instead of
restricting the parameter to jax.Array.
🟡 Minor · Use a label-compatible phase-function type. · quantum_variable.py:1228
QuantumFloat.decoder returns numeric labels, so Callable[[str], float] rejects valid phase functions typed to accept float. Callable[[Hashable], float] is not a valid replacement because callable parameter types are contravariant. Use Callable[[Any], float] or a correctly generic label type.
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Review comment at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py at line 1228:
Update the phi parameter annotation in app_phase_function to accept
label-compatible phase functions by using Callable[[Any], float] or an
appropriately generic label type, rather than Callable[[str], float].
QuantumVariable.decoder requires hashable results, and get_measurement passes those results to plot_histogram. The documented custom labels include 42 and (1, 2, 3), so list[str] is narrower than the supported typed API.
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Review comment at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py at line 1565:
Update the outcome_labels annotation in plot_histogram to use Hashable instead
of list[str], and ensure the required Hashable type is imported or otherwise
available. Preserve the existing counts and plotting behavior.
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Outside diff comments:
Review comments at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py:
- Line 671: Update the init_state method annotation to reflect its documented
inputs: use a mapping with hashable keys for decoder labels such as 0.5 and 2.0,
and use the supported array-like type for NumPy and similar array inputs instead
of restricting the parameter to jax.Array.
- Line 1228: Update the phi parameter annotation in app_phase_function to accept
label-compatible phase functions by using Callable[[Any], float] or an
appropriately generic label type, rather than Callable[[str], float].
---
Nitpick comments:
Review comments at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py:
- Line 1565: Update the outcome_labels annotation in plot_histogram to use
Hashable instead of list[str], and ensure the required Hashable type is imported
or otherwise available. Preserve the existing counts and plotting behavior.
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Keying live_qvs by hash(qv) is fragile: base QVs hash by creation_time, which changes on re-registration and leaves stale entries, while QuantumFloat/QuantumModulus hash by id. Could we key by id(qv) instead?
Regarding reduce only accepting a list of qubits: I'm planning to remove reduce altogether in a future refactoring towards better parity between dynamic and static mode, so changing its behavior now is a bit pointless. Let's keep it accepting a single Qubit as on main and drop the corresponding breaking-change entry. The updated call sites can stay as they are.
reduce in tracing mode raises a plain Exception. Please raise TracingModeError, like get_measurement, duplicate and init_from do, and update the Raises section of the docstring.
get_measurement(plot=True) calls plt.show() after plot_histogram, which already shows the figure, or saves it when filename is given. So the plot is shown twice, or a window opens even though a file was requested. This was already on main, but since the function is being touched anyway, please remove that plt.show().
Some new type hints don't match what the methods accept:
init_state(params: dict[str, np.complex128] | jax.Array): the docstring examples pass float labels and a NumPy array. Suggest dict[Any, complex] | ArrayLike.
app_phase_function(phi: Callable[[str], float]): phi receives decoded values (e.g. floats for a QuantumFloat), so Callable[[Any], float].
plot_histogram(outcome_labels: list[str]): the labels are decoder outputs, so list[Any].
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @src/qrisp/core/quantum_variable.py:
- Around line 885-886: Update QuantumVariable.reduce to wrap a scalar Qubit
argument in a list before the existing reduction logic, preserving support for
callers that pass a list. If scalar support remains, remove the incompatible
claim from the changelog entry.
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Description
Refactor the reaming quantum_variable.py methods and add more type hints.
Now
live_qvsis aWeakValueDictionary, keys are the hash of the qv (creation_timefor most types,id(self)forQuantumFloatandQuantumModulus).The utitlity of using that class is that when no strong reference to a value in the dictionary is present, it is discarded. Thus, no need for a check if a
QuantumVariable's ref isNoneanymore.Moreover, name tracker is now a
Counter.QuantumVariable's reduce now take a list of qubits explicitly, not sure if we want to preserve the old behavior but then the docstring should reflect that.Related Issues
Closes #
Related to #
Type of Change
Breaking Change?
If yes, describe the impact and migration path:
QuantumVariable.reduceonly accepts a list of qubits. Passing a singleQubitnow raises aTypeError. Migration: wrap the qubit in a list, i.e.qv.reduce([qv[0]])instead ofqv.reduce(qv[0]). All call sites inside Qrisp are updated.QuantumVariable.live_qvsis aweakref.WeakValueDictionarymappinghash(qv)to the variable, instead of a list of weak references. Migration: iterateQuantumVariable.live_qvs.values()instead of dereferencingref().QuantumVariable.name_trackeris acollections.Counterinstead of adict.What was changed?
live_qvsis aWeakValueDictionarykeyed byhash(qv)(creation_timefor most types,id(self)forQuantumFloatandQuantumModulus).QuantumSession.register_qvandTracingQuantumSession.register_qvadd to it,delete()pops from it, andQuantumVariable.__del__is removed, since dead entries drop out of the dictionary on their own.get_unique_nameuses theCounterand checks for collisions againstlive_qvs.values().reducetakeslist[Qubit]explicitly, raises aTypeErrorfor a singleQubit, and raises in tracing mode. Callers inSBP_arithmetic.py,comparisons.py,ripple_division.py,ripple_mult.pyandqrange.pyare updated.get_measurementchecks for an open environment / deleted variable before resolving the backend, andduplicate(init=True)raises the tracing-mode error before allocating the duplicate.Nonecheck in__setitem__(isinstance(type(value), type(None))) was never true, so it is removed rather than fixed:Nonecan be a valid label (QuantumVariable.custom([None, ...])), soqv[:] = Noneis still passed on to the encoder. Behavior is unchanged frommain.duplicate,encoder,encode,init_state,extend,get_measurement,__eq__/__ne__,app_phase_function,init_from,custom,plot_histogram).How was it tested?
No linked issue, so no Test-IDs. Tests run locally:
tests/core_tests/test_quantum_session.py,test_quantum_variable.py,test_quantum_variable_naming.py(fixtures updated to the newlive_qvs/name_trackertypes)TestSetItemEncodingintest_quantum_variable.py:qv[:] = valueencodes every label ofQuantumVariable.custom(["a", (1, 2), None, 3.5, frozenset({1})])and every output of a customdecoder, and raisesnot supported by encoderfor values outside them (includingNoneon a plainQuantumVariable)tests/core_tests/test_quantum_float.py,test_uncomputation_example.py,tests/jax_tests/test_jasp_quantum_array.pytests/primitives_tests/arithmetic_tests/test_comparisons.py,test_quantum_division.py,test_quantum_arithmetic.py(cover the updatedreduce([...])call sites)Screenshots / Output (if applicable)
Checklist
changelog-dev.rstReviewer Notes
Question: what do you think of changing
QuantumVariable.reduceto accept only a list of qubits? Previously it also accepted a singleQubit(it triedlen(qubits)and wrapped the argument in a list onTypeErrorexception). Requiring a list makes the signaturereduce(qubits: list[Qubit], ...)honest and removes the try/except, but it breaks external code callingqv.reduce(qv[0]), which now gets aTypeErrorwith a hint to pass a list. Would you rather keep accepting a singleQubit(and documentqubits : Qubit | list[Qubit]), or go ahead with the breaking change?Question: should
QuantumVariable.__hash__beid(self)for every type? It currently returnscreation_time, butQuantumFloatandQuantumModulusstill returnid(self)(a leftover from 0.1.0). This mix caused a collision intest_gqsp_convolution.py, where RUS registers the sameQuantumFloattwice;register_qvnow overwrites the existinglive_qvsentry instead.id(self)everywhere would be consistent, stable for the object's lifetime, and keep onelive_qvsentry per object (withcreation_time, a re-registered variable stays under both its old and new key until garbage-collected).Summary by CodeRabbit
auto_uncomputenow identifies temporary variables by creation order while preserving returned and pre-existing variables.