Cache CAPIType values

[kkristof93]

CAPIType.capiTypeFromTypeId() called CAPIType.values() on every invocation, which allocates a fresh array copy of all enum constants each time. For a hot path (type resolution on every vector/column read) this creates unnecessary heap allocations and linear scan overhead.

The fix introduces a BY_TYPE_ID static array built once during class initialization by iterating values() a single time. Lookups are now a bounds check plus a single array dereference (O(1) with no allocation, compared to the previous O(n) scan with a transient array allocation per call).

[staticlibs]

Thanks for the PR! Looks good to me. I'll add it to 1.5 branch and will publish a snapshot shortly.

[staticlibs]

Snapshot with this change was published, compatible with DuckDB 1.5.5:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.duckdb</groupId>
    <artifactId>duckdb_jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.5.2-dev-651bc51</version>
</dependency>

<repository>
    <id>duckdb</id>
    <url>https://duckdb-staging.duckdb.org/duckdb/duckdb-java/maven/</url>
</repository>