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Phase 2: ground gravity and the equivalence principle (#3) - #16

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issue-3-ground-gravity-and-equivalence
Oct 25, 2026
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Closes #3. Item 14 is in FusionVault/geo5d#1.

This gives an absolute gravimeter its tide correction and tide systems, puts Stray et al.'s gradiometer in the tunnel example, and gives gravitics an equivalence-principle module with real limits. Every test value was read from its source: LongmanTide's code and tests, the Mäkinen, Touboul, Fayet, Schlamminger and Asenbaum PDFs, and IERS TN36 chapters 6–7. One commit per item; the findings beyond the report are on #3.

Item What landed Checked against
8 metrology::{GM_MOON, EARTH_ROTATION} Done in Phase 0 (D9) —
9 gravimetry::tides::longman Longman's closed form, as LongmanTide codes it, taking a Julian epoch LongmanTide's vector to 3×10⁻¹¹ mGal (the issue asked for < 10⁻⁹). Averaged over 18.61 years it is δ₂ times the permanent tide, to 0.2 µGal
10 gravimetry::tides::{delta, gamma} δₙ = 1 + (2/n)hₙ − ((n+1)/n)kₙ; γ = 1 + k − h Longman's 1.1575; IERS nominal (TN36 Table 6.3, ch. 7) 1.15495 ≈ 1.16; Mäkinen's 0.69
11 gravimetry::tides::permanent Mäkinen's Eq. 18 in Cartesian form, (W_T, g_T) along the normal His Eqs. 19–21 to their printed digits; −30.485 µGal spherical; the 9.9 cm geoid offset; A from IERS H₀
12 Gradiometer in examples/buried_tunnel.rs Diffraction order done in Phase 0 (D2); the example adds Stray's single-diffraction gradiometer 152 E and 17.7 mrad over the tunnel against Stray's 150 E and 17.5 mrad; the baseline difference equals the point gradient at the geometric-mean depth to 10⁻¹²
13 gravitics::equivalence eta; TESTS (MICROSCOPE Ti–Pt and Pt–Pt, Eöt-Wash, Stanford) with Test::combine; eta_from_coupling and coupling_bound with Mediator; sphere_form_factor 2.746×10⁻¹⁵; α/(Gu²) = 1.2536×10³⁶; Fayet's Eqs. 24–25 for B, L and B − L at both spins (1.07 and 1.28×10⁻²⁵ unrounded); his Tables IV and V, through yukawa_factor and boson_mass_ev
14 geo5d test vectors In FusionVault/geo5d#1 JILA, Wisconsin, solar redshift, Cassini, de Sitter, Mercury 42.98″, S2

A defect found and documented: moving C̄20 to TideSystem::MeanTide makes the tide potential part of the Earth's own field (∝ r⁻³ instead of r²). That is right only on r = R. Its gravity is +45.7 µGal at the equator against the true −30.5, so the doc now sends mean-tide gravity to tides::permanent, and a test pins the factor −3/2. The doc also now attributes the −4.1736×10⁻⁹ offset to EGM2008, as TN36 quotes it. IERS's own A₀H₀k₂₀ gives −4.2007×10⁻⁹.

Where the plan changed:

  • combine is a method on the published-results registry rather than a free hypot.
  • coupling_bound takes the mediator's spin and picks the right side of MICROSCOPE's dissymmetric limits itself.

Release (after merge, with your go-ahead): compatible z-bumps: geopotential 0.3.5 (doc only), gravimetry 0.7.1, gravitics 0.5.5, physica 0.3.4.

Checks: 424 workspace tests, clippy -D warnings on all targets, cargo doc with -D warnings, and the 30 research check scripts.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

dan-garden and others added 3 commits October 25, 2026 22:22
… 9–11)

- longman(lat, lon, h, epoch): Longman's (1959) closed form as LongmanTide codes
  it, reproducing its test vector to 3e-11 mGal. Averaged over the nodal cycle it
  is δ₂ times the permanent tide to 0.2 µGal.
- delta(n, h, k) and gamma(h, k): the gravimetric and diminishing factors, checked
  with Longman's and the IERS 2010 nominal Love numbers (TN36 Table 6.3, ch. 7).
- permanent(lat, h): Mäkinen's (2021) Eq. 18 in Cartesian form, exact at any
  height. It matches his Eqs. 19–21 to their printed digits.
- geopotential: TideSystem::MeanTide now says its C̄20 is right only on r = R
  (gravity +45.7 µGal against −30.5), and the −4.1736e-9 offset is attributed to
  EGM2008 as TN36 quotes it.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
The diffraction order (D2) landed in Phase 0. The example now adds the single-
diffraction gradiometer with a 1 m baseline: 152 E and 17.7 mrad over the tunnel,
against Stray's 150 E and 17.5 mrad. It also gives the averaging time at the
projection limit (46 E/√Hz) and at the 466 E/√Hz reached outdoors. Over a line
mass the baseline difference equals the point gradient at the geometric-mean
depth, checked to 1e-12.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…item 13)

- eta(a_A, a_B), Touboul et al.'s Eq. 1.
- TESTS: MICROSCOPE Ti–Pt and its Pt–Pt control (Touboul 2022, Eq. 5),
  Eöt-Wash Be–Ti (Schlamminger 2008, Eq. 2) and Stanford Rb (Asenbaum 2020), each
  read from the paper. Test::combine adds the errors in quadrature (2.746e-15).
- eta_from_coupling and coupling_bound: Fayet's (2025) Eq. 7 with the spin's
  sign. The dissymmetric 95% limits (Eq. 16) reproduce his Eqs. 24–25 for B, L
  and B − L at both spins, and note 40's unrounded 1.07 and 1.28e-25.
- sphere_form_factor: Fayet's Eq. 37, using a series below x = 1 because the
  closed form fails near zero. Matches Table IV; the five-shell Earth (Eq. 80)
  with yukawa_factor and boson_mass_ev reproduces Table V at 710 km.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Phase 2: measuring gravity on the ground and in tests of the equivalence principle

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