feat(debug): add initial support for debugging inline calls

[djolertrk]

Addresses 0xMiden/compiler#1284.

[github-actions]

Automated check (CONTRIBUTING.md)

Findings:

• Link an issue in the PR body (e.g., "Fixes Implement SHA256 in Miden Assembly #123").
• Add a short Rationale explaining why the change is needed.

Recommendations:

• Consider adding a Test plan or clear review steps.

Next steps:

• Link a relevant issue (e.g., "Fixes Implement SHA256 in Miden Assembly #123") and ensure it is assigned to you.
• See CONTRIBUTING.md for expectations.
• If this is a false positive, comment: /quality-review.

[djolertrk]

Rebased on top of origin/bitwalker/package-debug-info-consolidation branch

[djolertrk]

cc @bitwalker