diff --git a/ipyvue/Template.py b/ipyvue/Template.py
index 94cc2e4..097292f 100644
--- a/ipyvue/Template.py
+++ b/ipyvue/Template.py
@@ -59,6 +59,11 @@ class Template(Widget):
     _model_module_version = Unicode(semver).tag(sync=True)
 
     template = Unicode(None, allow_none=True).tag(sync=True)
+    # When set, the component implementation comes from a precompiled ES
+    # module (see ipyvue.esm.define_module) instead of compiling `template`
+    # in the browser. `esm_export` selects the export (default: "default").
+    esm_module = Unicode(None, allow_none=True).tag(sync=True)
+    esm_export = Unicode(None, allow_none=True).tag(sync=True)
 
 
 __all__ = ["Template", "watch"]
diff --git a/ipyvue/__init__.py b/ipyvue/__init__.py
index 8482a96..0797bf6 100755
--- a/ipyvue/__init__.py
+++ b/ipyvue/__init__.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from ._version import __version__
 from .Html import Html
 from .Template import Template, watch
+from .esm import Module, define_module
 from .VueWidget import VueWidget
 from .VueTemplateWidget import VueTemplate
 from .VueComponentRegistry import (
diff --git a/ipyvue/esm.py b/ipyvue/esm.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78bf467
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ipyvue/esm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""ES module (ESM) support: ship precompiled bundles instead of .vue source.
+
+Mirrors ipyreact's module mechanism: ``define_module(name, code_or_path)``
+creates a ``Module`` widget whose code is sent to the frontend once, imported
+via es-module-shims, and registered in the import map under ``name``. Vue
+components exported by such a module can then be used as the implementation
+of a VueTemplate (see ``Template.esm_module`` / ``Template.esm_export``),
+bypassing the in-browser SFC compiler entirely.
+"""
+
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import List, Optional
+
+from ipywidgets import Widget
+from traitlets import List as ListTrait
+from traitlets import Unicode
+
+from ._version import semver
+
+_module_names: List[str] = []
+
+
+class Module(Widget):
+    _model_name = Unicode("ModuleModel").tag(sync=True)
+    _model_module = Unicode("jupyter-vue").tag(sync=True)
+    _model_module_version = Unicode(semver).tag(sync=True)
+
+    name = Unicode().tag(sync=True)
+    code = Unicode().tag(sync=True)
+    # when set, the module is imported from this url instead of shipping the
+    # code over the widget model (e.g. a bundle served from a static dir)
+    url = Unicode(None, allow_none=True).tag(sync=True)
+    dependencies = ListTrait(Unicode(), default_value=[]).tag(sync=True)
+
+
+def define_module(
+    name: str,
+    module: Optional[Path] = None,
+    *,
+    code: Optional[str] = None,
+    url: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> Module:
+    """Register an ES module under a name.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    name:
+        Import-map name the module will be available under.
+    module:
+        Path to the module source on disk (e.g. a vite/rollup build with
+        ``vue`` marked external).
+    code:
+        The module source as a string.
+    url:
+        A url the module is served from (e.g. a bundle in the app's
+        static dir).
+    """
+    if sum(x is not None for x in (module, code, url)) != 1:
+        raise TypeError("pass exactly one of module (a Path), code or url")
+    if module is not None and not isinstance(module, Path):
+        raise TypeError("module must be a Path; use url=... or code=... for strings")
+    dependencies = [n for n in _module_names if n != name]
+    if name not in _module_names:
+        _module_names.append(name)
+    if url is not None:
+        return Module(url=url, name=name, dependencies=dependencies)
+    if code is None:
+        assert module is not None
+        code = module.read_text(encoding="utf8")
+    return Module(code=code, name=name, dependencies=dependencies)
+
+
+def get_module_names() -> List[str]:
+    return list(_module_names)
+
+
+__all__ = ["Module", "define_module", "get_module_names"]
diff --git a/js/src/Module.js b/js/src/Module.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f027e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/src/Module.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { WidgetModel } from '@jupyter-widgets/base';
+import Vue from 'vue';
+import {
+    forceUpdateRoots,
+    invalidateModule,
+    loadModuleFromCode,
+    loadModuleFromUrl,
+    provideModule,
+    requestModule,
+} from './esmModule';
+
+/* Ships a precompiled ES module (see ipyvue.esm.define_module). A module
+ * whose default export is a plain vue plugin ({ install }) registers its
+ * own components: vue2 has a global registry, so Vue.use is all we need. */
+export class ModuleModel extends WidgetModel {
+    defaults() {
+        return {
+            ...super.defaults(),
+            ...{
+                _model_name: 'ModuleModel',
+                name: '',
+                code: '',
+                url: null,
+                dependencies: [],
+            },
+        };
+    }
+
+    initialize(attributes, options) {
+        super.initialize(attributes, options);
+        this.load();
+        this.on('change:code change:url', () => {
+            invalidateModule(this.get('name'));
+            this.load();
+        });
+    }
+
+    async load() {
+        const name = this.get('name');
+        try {
+            const dependencies = this.get('dependencies') || [];
+            await Promise.all(dependencies.map(dep => requestModule(dep)));
+            const url = this.get('url');
+            const module = url
+                ? await loadModuleFromUrl(url, name)
+                : await loadModuleFromCode(this.get('code'), name);
+            if (module.default && typeof module.default.install === 'function') {
+                Vue.use(module.default);
+                forceUpdateRoots();
+            }
+            provideModule(name, module);
+        } catch (e) {
+            console.error(`ipyvue: failed to load ES module "${name}"`, e);
+            provideModule(name, e);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+ModuleModel.serializers = {
+    ...WidgetModel.serializers,
+};
diff --git a/js/src/Template.js b/js/src/Template.js
index dec98ef..9a30aeb 100644
--- a/js/src/Template.js
+++ b/js/src/Template.js
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ class TemplateModel extends WidgetModel {
             ...super.defaults(),
             ...{
                 _model_name: 'TemplateModel',
+                esm_module: null,
+                esm_export: null,
             },
         };
     }
diff --git a/js/src/VueTemplateRenderer.js b/js/src/VueTemplateRenderer.js
index d07bd3c..575239d 100644
--- a/js/src/VueTemplateRenderer.js
+++ b/js/src/VueTemplateRenderer.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import { createObjectForNestedModel, eventToObject, vueRender } from './VueRende
 import { VueModel } from './VueModel';
 import { VueTemplateModel } from './VueTemplateModel';
 import httpVueLoader from './httpVueLoader';
+import { getEsmComponent, getLoadedModule, requestModule } from './esmModule';
 import { TemplateModel } from './Template';
 
 function normalizeScopeId(value) {
@@ -94,6 +95,9 @@ function createComponentObject(model, parentView) {
 
     const isTemplateModel = model.get('template') instanceof TemplateModel;
     const templateModel = isTemplateModel ? model.get('template') : model;
+    if (isTemplateModel && templateModel.get('esm_module')) {
+        return createEsmTemplateComponent(model, templateModel, parentView);
+    }
     const template = templateModel.get('template');
     const sourceCodeFile = `VUE_TEMPLATE_SCRIPT_${model.cid}`;
     const vuefile = readVueFile(template, sourceCodeFile);
@@ -158,7 +162,8 @@ function createComponentObject(model, parentView) {
 
     const componentEntries = Object.entries(model.get('components') || {});
     const instanceComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => v instanceof WidgetModel);
-    const classComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => !(v instanceof WidgetModel) && !(typeof v === 'string'));
+    const esmComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => v && v.esm_module);
+    const classComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => !(v instanceof WidgetModel) && !(typeof v === 'string') && !(v && v.esm_module));
     const fullVueComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => typeof v === 'string');
 
     function callVueFn(name, this_) {
@@ -195,6 +200,7 @@ function createComponentObject(model, parentView) {
             ...createInstanceComponents(instanceComponents, parentView),
             ...createClassComponents(classComponents, model, parentView),
             ...createFullVueComponents(fullVueComponents),
+            ...createEsmComponents(esmComponents),
         },
         computed: { ...vuefile.SCRIPT && vuefile.SCRIPT.computed, ...aliasRefProps(model) },
         template: vuefile.TEMPLATE === undefined && vuefile.SCRIPT === undefined && vuefile.STYLE === undefined
@@ -225,6 +231,89 @@ function createComponentObject(model, parentView) {
     };
 }
 
+/* Precompiled ES module export as the component implementation (see
+ * ipyvue.esm.define_module and Template.esm_module). The export's options
+ * ride as mixins[0] under the model mixin: vue merges mixins in order, so
+ * model traits override the script's data() placeholders and injected event
+ * handlers override method stubs - the same precedence as the in-browser
+ * compiled path. */
+function createEsmTemplateComponent(model, templateModel, parentView) {
+    const componentEntries = Object.entries(model.get('components') || {});
+    const instanceComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => v instanceof WidgetModel);
+    const esmComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => v && v.esm_module);
+    const classComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => !(v instanceof WidgetModel) && !(typeof v === 'string') && !(v && v.esm_module));
+    const fullVueComponents = componentEntries.filter(([, v]) => typeof v === 'string');
+
+    const modelMixin = {
+        inject: ['viewCtx'],
+        data() {
+            return createDataMapping(model);
+        },
+        created() {
+            addModelListeners(model, this);
+        },
+        watch: createWatches(model, parentView, null),
+        methods: createMethods(model, parentView),
+        components: {
+            ...createInstanceComponents(instanceComponents, parentView),
+            ...createClassComponents(classComponents, model, parentView),
+            ...createFullVueComponents(fullVueComponents),
+            ...createEsmComponents(esmComponents),
+        },
+        computed: aliasRefProps(model),
+    };
+
+    const moduleName = templateModel.get('esm_module');
+    const exportName = templateModel.get('esm_export');
+    const componentFromModule = (module) => {
+        if (module instanceof Error) {
+            throw module;
+        }
+        let component = module[exportName || 'default'];
+        if (!component) {
+            throw new Error(`Module "${moduleName}" has no export "${exportName || 'default'}"`);
+        }
+        if (component.props) {
+            /* template-form components get their state as data (for the
+             * two-way model sync); vue2 lets a props declaration (e.g.
+             * written for type checkers) shadow that data, so ignore it
+             * like the compiled-template path does */
+            const { props, ...withoutProps } = component;
+            component = withoutProps;
+        }
+        return { mixins: [component, modelMixin] };
+    };
+    /* memoize per widget, keyed on the module registry promise: a fresh
+     * component every render would never settle. A module reload provides a
+     * new promise, so hot reload gets a fresh component. */
+    const modulePromise = requestModule(moduleName);
+    if (model.__esmComponentFor !== modulePromise) {
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+        model.__esmComponentFor = modulePromise;
+        const module = getLoadedModule(moduleName);
+        if (module) {
+            /* the module is already loaded: build the component
+             * synchronously, so the widget renders in one pass and keeps
+             * el.__vue__ pointing at the component itself */
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+            model.__esmComponent = componentFromModule(module);
+        } else {
+            const factory = () => modulePromise.then(componentFromModule);
+            /* wrap the async factory in a component of our own: resolving
+             * only re-renders the factory's owner, and embedders can cache
+             * the surrounding vnodes (rendering the factory ownerless), so
+             * the owner must be an instance whose render we control */
+            // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign
+            model.__esmComponent = {
+                render(h) {
+                    return h(factory);
+                },
+            };
+        }
+    }
+    return model.__esmComponent;
+}
+
 function createDataMapping(model) {
     return model.keys()
         .filter(prop => !prop.startsWith('_')
@@ -388,6 +477,13 @@ function createClassComponents(components, containerModel, parentView) {
     }), {});
 }
 
+function createEsmComponents(components) {
+    return components.reduce((accumulator, [componentName, spec]) => ({
+        ...accumulator,
+        [componentName]: getEsmComponent(spec.esm_module, spec.esm_export),
+    }), {});
+}
+
 function createFullVueComponents(components) {
     return components.reduce((accumulator, [componentName, vueFile]) => ({
         ...accumulator,
diff --git a/js/src/VueView.js b/js/src/VueView.js
index 8635a17..84ed5f7 100644
--- a/js/src/VueView.js
+++ b/js/src/VueView.js
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { DOMWidgetView } from '@jupyter-widgets/base';
 import Vue from 'vue';
 import { vueRender } from './VueRenderer';
+import { trackRootInstance, untrackRootInstance } from './esmModule';
 
 export function createViewContext(view) {
     return {
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ export function createViewContext(view) {
 export class VueView extends DOMWidgetView {
     remove() {
         this.vueApp.$destroy();
+        untrackRootInstance(this.vueApp);
         return super.remove();
     }
 
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ export class VueView extends DOMWidgetView {
                 },
                 render: createElement => vueRender(createElement, this.model, this, {}),
             });
+            trackRootInstance(this.vueApp);
         });
     }
 }
diff --git a/js/src/es-module-shims-txt.js b/js/src/es-module-shims-txt.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f956bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/src/es-module-shims-txt.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/* v1.8.2 */
+export default "(function(){const e=typeof window!==\"undefined\";const t=typeof document!==\"undefined\";const noop=()=>{};const r=t?document.querySelector(\"script[type=esms-options]\"):void 0;const s=r?JSON.parse(r.innerHTML):{};Object.assign(s,self.esmsInitOptions||{});let n=!t||!!s.shimMode;const a=globalHook(n&&s.onimport);const i=globalHook(n&&s.resolve);let c=s.fetch?globalHook(s.fetch):fetch;const f=s.meta?globalHook(n&&s.meta):noop;const ne=s.mapOverrides;let oe=s.nonce;if(!oe&&t){const e=document.querySelector(\"script[nonce]\");e&&(oe=e.nonce||e.getAttribute(\"nonce\"))}const ce=globalHook(s.onerror||noop);const le=s.onpolyfill?globalHook(s.onpolyfill):()=>{console.log(\"%c^^ Module TypeError above is polyfilled and can be ignored ^^\",\"font-weight:900;color:#391\")};const{revokeBlobURLs:ue,noLoadEventRetriggers:de,enforceIntegrity:pe}=s;function globalHook(e){return typeof e===\"string\"?self[e]:e}const he=Array.isArray(s.polyfillEnable)?s.polyfillEnable:[];const me=he.includes(\"css-modules\");const be=he.includes(\"json-modules\");const ke=!navigator.userAgentData&&!!navigator.userAgent.match(/Edge\\/\\d+\\.\\d+/);const we=t?document.baseURI:`${location.protocol}//${location.host}${location.pathname.includes(\"/\")?location.pathname.slice(0,location.pathname.lastIndexOf(\"/\")+1):location.pathname}`;const createBlob=(e,t=\"text/javascript\")=>URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([e],{type:t}));let{skip:ge}=s;if(Array.isArray(ge)){const e=ge.map((e=>new URL(e,we).href));ge=t=>e.some((e=>e[e.length-1]===\"/\"&&t.startsWith(e)||t===e))}else if(typeof ge===\"string\"){const e=new RegExp(ge);ge=t=>e.test(t)}else ge instanceof RegExp&&(ge=e=>ge.test(e));const eoop=e=>setTimeout((()=>{throw e}));const throwError=t=>{(self.reportError||e&&window.safari&&console.error||eoop)(t),void ce(t)};function fromParent(e){return e?` imported from ${e}`:\"\"}let ve=false;function setImportMapSrcOrLazy(){ve=true}if(!n)if(document.querySelectorAll(\"script[type=module-shim],script[type=importmap-shim],link[rel=modulepreload-shim]\").length)n=true;else{let e=false;for(const t of document.querySelectorAll(\"script[type=module],script[type=importmap]\"))if(e){if(t.type===\"importmap\"&&e){ve=true;break}}else t.type!==\"module\"||t.ep||(e=true)}const ye=/\\\\/g;function asURL(e){try{if(e.indexOf(\":\")!==-1)return new URL(e).href}catch(e){}}function resolveUrl(e,t){return resolveIfNotPlainOrUrl(e,t)||asURL(e)||resolveIfNotPlainOrUrl(\"./\"+e,t)}function resolveIfNotPlainOrUrl(e,t){const r=t.indexOf(\"#\"),s=t.indexOf(\"?\");r+s>-2&&(t=t.slice(0,r===-1?s:s===-1||s>r?r:s));e.indexOf(\"\\\\\")!==-1&&(e=e.replace(ye,\"/\"));if(e[0]===\"/\"&&e[1]===\"/\")return t.slice(0,t.indexOf(\":\")+1)+e;if(e[0]===\".\"&&(e[1]===\"/\"||e[1]===\".\"&&(e[2]===\"/\"||e.length===2&&(e+=\"/\"))||e.length===1&&(e+=\"/\"))||e[0]===\"/\"){const r=t.slice(0,t.indexOf(\":\")+1);if(r===\"blob:\")throw new TypeError(`Failed to resolve module specifier \"${e}\". 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st=/^(text|application)\\/css(;|$)/;const nt=/url\\(\\s*(?:([\"'])((?:\\\\.|[^\\n\\\\\"'])+)\\1|((?:\\\\.|[^\\s,\"'()\\\\])+))\\s*\\)/g;let at=[];let it=0;function pushFetchPool(){if(++it>100)return new Promise((e=>at.push(e)))}function popFetchPool(){it--;at.length&&at.shift()()}async function doFetch(e,t,r){if(pe&&!t.integrity)throw Error(`No integrity for ${e}${fromParent(r)}.`);const s=pushFetchPool();s&&await s;try{var n=await c(e,t)}catch(t){t.message=`Unable to fetch ${e}${fromParent(r)} - see network log for details.\\n`+t.message;throw t}finally{popFetchPool()}if(!n.ok){const e=new TypeError(`${n.status} ${n.statusText} ${n.url}${fromParent(r)}`);e.response=n;throw e}return n}async function fetchModule(e,t,r){const s=await doFetch(e,t,r);const n=s.headers.get(\"content-type\");if(et.test(n))return{r:s.url,s:await s.text(),t:\"js\"};if(tt.test(n)){const t=importShim._w[e]=await WebAssembly.compileStreaming(s);let r=\"\",n=0,a=\"\";for(const e of 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Modules must be served with a valid MIME type like application/javascript.`)}function getOrCreateLoad(e,t,r,s){let a=Be[e];if(a&&!s)return a;a={u:e,r:s?e:void 0,f:void 0,S:void 0,L:void 0,a:void 0,d:void 0,b:void 0,s:void 0,n:false,t:null,m:null};if(Be[e]){let e=0;while(Be[a.u+ ++e]);a.u+=e}Be[a.u]=a;a.f=(async()=>{if(!s){let i;({r:a.r,s:s,t:i}=await(ft[e]||fetchModule(e,t,r)));if(i&&!n){if(i===\"css\"&&!me||i===\"json\"&&!be)throw Error(`${i}-modules require <script type=\"esms-options\">{ \"polyfillEnable\": [\"${i}-modules\"] }<\\/script>`);(i===\"css\"&&!xe||i===\"json\"&&!Le)&&(a.n=true)}}try{a.a=parse(s,a.u)}catch(e){throwError(e);a.a=[[],[],false]}a.S=s;return a})();a.L=a.f.then((async()=>{let e=t;a.d=(await Promise.all(a.a[0].map((async({n:t,d:r})=>{(r>=0&&!Se||r===-2&&!Ue)&&(a.n=true);if(r!==-1||!t)return;const{r:s,b:n}=await We(t,a.r||a.u);!n||Ce&&!ve||(a.n=true);if(r===-1){if(ge&&ge(s))return{b:s};e.integrity&&(e=Object.assign({},e,{integrity:void 0}));return getOrCreateLoad(s,e,a.r).f}})))).filter((e=>e))}));return a}function processScriptsAndPreloads(e=false){if(!e)for(const e of document.querySelectorAll(n?\"link[rel=modulepreload-shim]\":\"link[rel=modulepreload]\"))processPreload(e);for(const e of document.querySelectorAll(n?\"script[type=importmap-shim]\":\"script[type=importmap]\"))processImportMap(e);if(!e)for(const e of document.querySelectorAll(n?\"script[type=module-shim]\":\"script[type=module]\"))processScript(e)}function getFetchOpts(e){const t={};e.integrity&&(t.integrity=e.integrity);e.referrerPolicy&&(t.referrerPolicy=e.referrerPolicy);e.crossOrigin===\"use-credentials\"?t.credentials=\"include\":e.crossOrigin===\"anonymous\"?t.credentials=\"omit\":t.credentials=\"same-origin\";return t}let ot=Promise.resolve();let ct=1;function domContentLoadedCheck(){--ct!==0||de||!n&&Ve||document.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"DOMContentLoaded\"))}t&&document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",(async()=>{await ze;domContentLoadedCheck()}));let lt=1;function readyStateCompleteCheck(){--lt!==0||de||!n&&Ve||document.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"readystatechange\"))}const hasNext=e=>e.nextSibling||e.parentNode&&hasNext(e.parentNode);const epCheck=(e,t)=>e.ep||!t&&(!e.src&&!e.innerHTML||!hasNext(e))||e.getAttribute(\"noshim\")!==null||!(e.ep=true);function processImportMap(e,t=lt>0){if(!epCheck(e,t)){if(e.src){if(!n)return;setImportMapSrcOrLazy()}if(Ze){Ge=Ge.then((async()=>{De=resolveAndComposeImportMap(e.src?await(await doFetch(e.src,getFetchOpts(e))).json():JSON.parse(e.innerHTML),e.src||we,De)})).catch((t=>{console.log(t);t instanceof SyntaxError&&(t=new Error(`Unable to parse import map ${t.message} in: ${e.src||e.innerHTML}`));throwError(t)}));n||(Ze=false)}}}function processScript(e,t=lt>0){if(epCheck(e,t))return;const r=e.getAttribute(\"async\")===null&&lt>0;const s=ct>0;r&&lt++;s&&ct++;const a=topLevelLoad(e.src||we,getFetchOpts(e),!e.src&&e.innerHTML,!n,r&&ot).then((()=>{n&&e.dispatchEvent(new Event(\"load\"))})).catch(throwError);r&&(ot=a.then(readyStateCompleteCheck));s&&a.then(domContentLoadedCheck)}const ft={};function processPreload(e){if(!e.ep){e.ep=true;ft[e.href]||(ft[e.href]=fetchModule(e.href,getFetchOpts(e)))}}})();\n//# sourceMappingURL=es-module-shims.js.map\n";
diff --git a/js/src/esmModule.js b/js/src/esmModule.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eafac3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/js/src/esmModule.js
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+import Vue from 'vue';
+import esModuleShims from './es-module-shims-txt';
+
+/* es-module-shims reads this global once, and there is only one shim per page
+ * (see init below), so merge instead of overwrite: ipyreact needs mapOverrides
+ * to re-point an import map entry on hot reload, and so do we. */
+window.esmsInitOptions = { ...window.esmsInitOptions, shimMode: true, mapOverrides: true };
+
+/* Roots created by VueView: re-rendered when a module plugin registers
+ * components after they already rendered (unknown tags resolve on the
+ * next render in vue2). */
+const rootInstances = new Set();
+
+export function trackRootInstance(vm) {
+    rootInstances.add(vm);
+}
+
+export function untrackRootInstance(vm) {
+    rootInstances.delete(vm);
+}
+
+function forceUpdateTree(vm) {
+    vm.$forceUpdate();
+    (vm.$children || []).forEach(forceUpdateTree);
+}
+
+export function forceUpdateRoots() {
+    /* re-render everything: components that rendered a tag before its module
+     * registered it resolve the real component on their next render */
+    rootInstances.forEach(forceUpdateTree);
+}
+
+/* Named-module registry (mirrors the vue3 branch): Module widgets provide
+ * modules by name; consumers await them, so load order does not matter. */
+const providedModules = {};
+const moduleResolvers = {};
+const loadedModules = {};
+
+export function provideModule(name, module) {
+    loadedModules[name] = module;
+    if (moduleResolvers[name]) {
+        moduleResolvers[name].resolve(module);
+        delete moduleResolvers[name];
+    } else {
+        providedModules[name] = Promise.resolve(module);
+    }
+}
+
+/* The module when already loaded, undefined otherwise: consumers that can
+ * render synchronously should, an async component factory is only a
+ * fallback (vue2 cannot re-render it under a cached vnode). */
+export function getLoadedModule(name) {
+    return loadedModules[name];
+}
+
+export function requestModule(name) {
+    if (!providedModules[name]) {
+        providedModules[name] = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+            moduleResolvers[name] = { resolve, reject };
+        });
+    }
+    return providedModules[name];
+}
+
+export function invalidateModule(name) {
+    /* next requestModule waits for a fresh provideModule (hot reload) */
+    delete providedModules[name];
+    delete moduleResolvers[name];
+    delete loadedModules[name];
+}
+
+function toModuleUrl(code) {
+    return URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([code], { type: 'text/javascript' }));
+}
+
+let vueModuleUrl = null;
+
+function exposeVue() {
+    if (!vueModuleUrl) {
+        const id = `_ipyvue_${Math.random().toString(36)}`;
+        window[id] = Vue;
+        const RESERVED = ['delete', 'set', 'default'];
+        const names = Object.keys(Vue).filter(n => /^[a-z_$][\w$]*$/i.test(n) && !RESERVED.includes(n));
+        /* vue2's module shape: the constructor is the default export */
+        vueModuleUrl = toModuleUrl(`
+            const Vue = window["${id}"];
+            export default Vue;
+            export const { ${names.join(', ')} } = Vue;`);
+    }
+    return vueModuleUrl;
+}
+
+function addVueImportMap() {
+    importShim.addImportMap({ imports: { vue: exposeVue() } });
+}
+
+let initPromise = null;
+
+function init() {
+    if (!initPromise) {
+        initPromise = (async () => {
+            if (!window.importShim) {
+                /* the script tag is the cross-library mutex: the check and
+                 * the append below run synchronously, so exactly one library
+                 * injects the shim (executed globally, not per bundle) */
+                const loaded = document.querySelectorAll('script[src*=es-module-shims][type=module]').length
+                    || document.getElementById('es-module-shims');
+                if (loaded) {
+                    while (!window.importShim) {
+                        await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 10));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    await new Promise((onload, onerror) => {
+                        document.head.appendChild(Object.assign(document.createElement('script'), {
+                            type: 'module', src: toModuleUrl(esModuleShims), onload, onerror, id: 'es-module-shims',
+                        }));
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            addVueImportMap();
+        })();
+    }
+    return initPromise;
+}
+
+async function importModule(url, name) {
+    await init();
+    /* another library may have replaced the importShim global since init */
+    addVueImportMap();
+    const module = await importShim(url);
+    try {
+        importShim.addImportMap({ imports: { [name]: url } });
+    } catch (e) {
+        console.warn(`ipyvue: could not (re)map import "${name}"`, e);
+    }
+    return module;
+}
+
+export function loadModuleFromUrl(url, name) {
+    return importModule(url, name);
+}
+
+export function loadModuleFromCode(code, name) {
+    const withSource = /\/\/#\s*sourceURL\s*=/i.test(code)
+        ? code : `${code}\n//# sourceURL=ipyvue-module:///${encodeURI(name)}.mjs`;
+    return importModule(toModuleUrl(withSource), name);
+}
+
+/* An ES module export used as a component: vue2 supports async component
+ * factories, so the module does not need to be loaded yet. */
+export function getEsmComponent(moduleName, exportName) {
+    return () => requestModule(moduleName).then((module) => {
+        if (module instanceof Error) {
+            throw module;
+        }
+        const component = module[exportName || 'default'];
+        if (!component) {
+            throw new Error(`Module "${moduleName}" has no export "${exportName || 'default'}"`);
+        }
+        return component;
+    });
+}
diff --git a/js/src/index.js b/js/src/index.js
index 48a57c1..cf907bb 100644
--- a/js/src/index.js
+++ b/js/src/index.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ export { VueTemplateModel } from './VueTemplateModel';
 export { VueView, createViewContext } from './VueView';
 export { HtmlModel } from './Html';
 export { TemplateModel } from './Template';
+export { ModuleModel } from './Module';
 export { ForceLoadModel } from './ForceLoad';
 export { vueRender } from './VueRenderer';
 export { VueComponentModel } from './VueComponentModel';
diff --git a/js/src/nodeps.js b/js/src/nodeps.js
index 5fd9753..44b14ff 100644
--- a/js/src/nodeps.js
+++ b/js/src/nodeps.js
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ export { VueTemplateModel } from './VueTemplateModel';
 export { VueView, createViewContext } from './VueView';
 export { HtmlModel } from './Html';
 export { TemplateModel } from './Template';
+export { ModuleModel } from './Module';
 export { ForceLoadModel } from './ForceLoad';
 export { vueRender } from './VueRenderer';
 export { VueComponentModel } from './VueComponentModel';
diff --git a/tests/ui/test_esm_module.py b/tests/ui/test_esm_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2899292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/test_esm_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+import pytest
+import sys
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 7):
+    pytest.skip("requires python3.7 or higher", allow_module_level=True)
+
+import playwright.sync_api
+import traitlets
+from IPython.display import display
+
+import ipyvue as vue
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def clean_module_registry():
+    # define_module records module names process-wide (for dependency
+    # ordering); tests each get a fresh page/kernel, so reset it
+    names = list(vue.esm._module_names)
+    vue.esm._module_names.clear()
+    yield
+    vue.esm._module_names[:] = names
+
+
+def test_esm_module_plugin_registers_components(
+    solara_test, page_session: playwright.sync_api.Page
+):
+    # the module registers its own components: the default export is a
+    # plain vue plugin, Vue.use'd on load (vue2 has a global registry)
+    vue.define_module(
+        "esm-plugin-module",
+        code="""
+        import Vue from "vue";
+
+        const Hello = {
+            props: { name: { type: String, required: true } },
+            render(h) {
+                return h("div", { class: "esm-plugin-hello" }, `hello ${this.name}`);
+            },
+        };
+
+        export default {
+            install(vueOrApp) {
+                vueOrApp.component("esm-hello", Hello);
+            },
+        };
+        """,
+    )
+
+    class Widget(vue.VueTemplate):
+        template = traitlets.Unicode(
+            """
+            <template>
+                <esm-hello :name="name"></esm-hello>
+            </template>
+            """
+        ).tag(sync=True)
+        name = traitlets.Unicode("from python").tag(sync=True)
+
+    display(Widget())
+    page_session.locator(".esm-plugin-hello >> text=hello from python").wait_for()
+
+
+def test_esm_module_component_as_tag(
+    solara_test, page_session: playwright.sync_api.Page
+):
+    # an export used as a tag via the components dict: real props/emits,
+    # loaded as a vue2 async component factory
+    vue.define_module(
+        "esm-click-module",
+        code="""
+        export const ClickButton = {
+            props: { count: { type: Number, required: true } },
+            render(h) {
+                return h(
+                    "button",
+                    {
+                        class: "esm-counter",
+                        on: { click: () => this.$emit("bump", 1) },
+                    },
+                    `${this.count} clicks`,
+                );
+            },
+        };
+        """,
+    )
+
+    class Widget(vue.VueTemplate):
+        template = traitlets.Unicode(
+            """
+            <template>
+                <click-button :count="count" @bump="on_bump"></click-button>
+            </template>
+            """
+        ).tag(sync=True)
+        count = traitlets.Int(0).tag(sync=True)
+        components = traitlets.Dict(
+            {
+                "click-button": {
+                    "esm_module": "esm-click-module",
+                    "esm_export": "ClickButton",
+                }
+            }
+        ).tag(sync=True)
+
+        def vue_on_bump(self, amount):
+            self.count += amount
+
+    display(Widget())
+    counter = page_session.locator(".esm-counter")
+    counter.click()
+    page_session.locator(".esm-counter >> text=1 clicks").wait_for()
+    counter.click()
+    page_session.locator(".esm-counter >> text=2 clicks").wait_for()
+
+
+def test_esm_template_in_vuetify_widget(
+    solara_test, page_session: playwright.sync_api.Page
+):
+    # embedders (ipyvuetify views, solara's widget mount point) render
+    # through cached vnodes; the esm component must still appear once its
+    # module loads
+    v = pytest.importorskip("ipyvuetify")
+
+    vue.define_module(
+        "esm-vuetify-module",
+        code="""
+        export const Hello = {
+            // props declarations (e.g. written for type checkers) must not
+            // shadow the model data
+            props: { label: { type: String, default: "" } },
+            template: `<div class="esm-vuetify-hello">hello {{ label }}</div>`,
+        };
+        """,
+    )
+
+    class Widget(v.VuetifyTemplate):
+        label = traitlets.Unicode("from python").tag(sync=True)
+
+        @traitlets.default("template")
+        def _template(self):
+            return vue.Template(esm_module="esm-vuetify-module", esm_export="Hello")
+
+    display(Widget())
+    page_session.locator(".esm-vuetify-hello >> text=hello from python").wait_for()
+
+
+def test_esm_module_provided_after_request(
+    solara_test, page_session: playwright.sync_api.Page
+):
+    # the widget can arrive (and render) before its module does: the
+    # pending request must resolve when the module is provided later
+    class Widget(vue.VueTemplate):
+        label = traitlets.Unicode("late").tag(sync=True)
+
+        @traitlets.default("template")
+        def _template(self):
+            return vue.Template(esm_module="esm-late-module", esm_export="Hello")
+
+    display(Widget())
+    # make sure the widget rendered (as an empty placeholder) before the
+    # module exists
+    page_session.locator("text=module defined").wait_for(state="detached")
+    page_session.wait_for_timeout(300)
+
+    vue.define_module(
+        "esm-late-module",
+        code="""
+        export const Hello = {
+            data() {
+                return { label: "placeholder" };
+            },
+            template: `<div class="esm-late">module defined {{ label }}</div>`,
+        };
+        """,
+    )
+    page_session.locator(".esm-late >> text=module defined late").wait_for()
+
+
+def test_esm_module_as_template_implementation(
+    solara_test, page_session: playwright.sync_api.Page
+):
+    # an export used as a VueTemplate implementation: the model mixin merges
+    # under it, so traits override the script's data() placeholders (down),
+    # assignment in the template syncs back (up), and injected event
+    # handlers override method stubs
+    vue.define_module(
+        "esm-template-module",
+        code="""
+        export const Counter = {
+            data() {
+                return { count: 0, label: "placeholder" };
+            },
+            methods: {
+                save() {
+                    throw new Error("save is injected by python (vue_save)");
+                },
+            },
+            template: `
+                <div>
+                    <button class="esm-tpl-bump" @click="count = count + 1">
+                        {{ label }} {{ count }}
+                    </button>
+                    <button class="esm-tpl-save" @click="save(count)">save</button>
+                </div>
+            `,
+        };
+        """,
+    )
+
+    class Widget(vue.VueTemplate):
+        count = traitlets.Int(10).tag(sync=True)
+        label = traitlets.Unicode("from python").tag(sync=True)
+        saved = traitlets.Int(-1)
+
+        @traitlets.default("template")
+        def _template(self):
+            return vue.Template(esm_module="esm-template-module", esm_export="Counter")
+
+        def vue_save(self, value):
+            self.saved = value
+
+    widget = Widget()
+    display(widget)
+
+    # traits win over the script's data() placeholders
+    bump = page_session.locator(".esm-tpl-bump")
+    bump.wait_for()
+    page_session.locator("text=from python 10").wait_for()
+
+    # write-back: template assignment syncs to python
+    bump.click()
+    page_session.locator("text=from python 11").wait_for()
+    assert widget.count == 11
+
+    # injected event handler overrides the throwing stub
+    page_session.locator(".esm-tpl-save").click()
+    page_session.wait_for_timeout(300)
+    assert widget.saved == 11
+
+    # python -> template still flows down
+    widget.count = 42
+    page_session.locator("text=from python 42").wait_for()