From cfe4e5c760d523ae3e501536169f211e445d7a9a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bruno Volpato <brunocvcunha@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 2026 14:43:26 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Fix: Keep reserve capacity exact and monotonic

---
 include/usearch/index_dense.hpp |  9 +++++----
 rust/lib.rs                     | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/usearch/index_dense.hpp b/include/usearch/index_dense.hpp
index b0d6766a..57dd475f 100644
--- a/include/usearch/index_dense.hpp
+++ b/include/usearch/index_dense.hpp
@@ -1050,17 +1050,18 @@ class index_dense_gt {
      */
     bool try_reserve(index_limits_t limits) {
 
+        // Reserving is monotonic: reducing thread limits must not shrink member-addressed storage.
+        limits.members = (std::max)(limits.members, typed_->capacity());
+        limits.members = (std::max)(limits.members, vectors_lookup_.size());
+
         // The slot lookup system will generally prefer power-of-two sizes.
         if (config_.enable_key_lookups) {
             unique_lock_t lock(slot_lookup_mutex_);
             if (!slot_lookup_.try_reserve(limits.members))
                 return false;
-            limits.members = slot_lookup_.capacity();
         }
 
-        // Once the `slot_lookup_` grows, let's use its capacity as the new
-        // target for the `vectors_lookup_` to synchronize allocations and
-        // expensive index re-organizations.
+        // Hash-table load-factor slack does not need corresponding vector or graph slots.
         if (limits.members != vectors_lookup_.size()) {
             vectors_lookup_t new_vectors_lookup(limits.members);
             if (!new_vectors_lookup)
diff --git a/rust/lib.rs b/rust/lib.rs
index 4bac26fc..6c6e3304 100644
--- a/rust/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/lib.rs
@@ -2200,6 +2200,28 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(index.size(), 0);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn reserve_uses_requested_member_capacity_and_never_shrinks() {
+        let options = IndexOptions {
+            dimensions: 4,
+            metric: MetricKind::IP,
+            quantization: ScalarKind::F32,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let index = Index::new(&options).unwrap();
+
+        index.reserve(10).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index.capacity(), 10);
+
+        index.reserve(4).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(index.capacity(), 10);
+
+        for key in 0..10 {
+            index.add(key, &[key as f32, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]).unwrap();
+        }
+        assert_eq!(index.size(), 10);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn stats_variants() {
         let options = IndexOptions {