diff --git a/python/bullmq/flow_producer.py b/python/bullmq/flow_producer.py
index 928e3f26a4f..260b4afdf12 100644
--- a/python/bullmq/flow_producer.py
+++ b/python/bullmq/flow_producer.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Union
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 from bullmq.redis_connection import RedisConnection
 from bullmq.types import QueueBaseOptions
 from bullmq.scripts import Scripts
@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ class MinimalQueue:
     Instantiate a MinimalQueue object
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, queue_keys, redisConnection, scripts, opts: QueueBaseOptions = {}):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, queue_keys, redisConnection, scripts, opts: QueueBaseOptions | None = None):
         """
         Initialize a connection
         """
+        opts = opts or {}
         self.name = name
         self.redisConnection = redisConnection
         self.client = self.redisConnection.conn
@@ -32,10 +33,13 @@ class FlowProducer:
     """
 
     #TODO: pass only queueOpts, no need 2 parameters in next breaking change
-    def __init__(self, redisOpts: Union[dict, str] = {}, opts: QueueBaseOptions = {}):
+    def __init__(self, redisOpts: Union[dict, str] | None = None, opts: QueueBaseOptions | None = None):
         """
         Initialize a connection
         """
+        if redisOpts is None:
+            redisOpts = {}
+        opts = opts or {}
         self.redisConnection = RedisConnection(redisOpts)
         self.client = self.redisConnection.conn
         self.opts: dict = opts
@@ -43,17 +47,17 @@ def __init__(self, redisOpts: Union[dict, str] = {}, opts: QueueBaseOptions = {}
         self.scripts = Scripts(
             self.prefix, "__default__", self.redisConnection)
 
-    def queueFromNode(self, node:dict, queue_keys, prefix: str):
+    def queueFromNode(self, node: dict, queue_keys: QueueKeys, prefix: str) -> MinimalQueue:
         return MinimalQueue(node.get("queueName"), queue_keys, self.redisConnection, self.scripts, {"prefix": prefix})
 
-    async def addChildren(self, nodes, parent, queues_opts, pipe):
+    async def addChildren(self, nodes: list[dict], parent: dict, queues_opts: Optional[dict], pipe: Any) -> list[dict]:
         children = []
         for node in nodes:
             job = await self.addNode(node, parent, queues_opts, pipe)
             children.append(job)
         return children
 
-    async def addNodes(self, nodes: list[dict], pipe):
+    async def addNodes(self, nodes: list[dict], pipe: Any) -> list[dict]:
         trees = []
         for node in nodes:
             parent_opts = node.get("opts", {}).get("parent", None)
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ async def addNodes(self, nodes: list[dict], pipe):
 
         return trees
 
-    async def addNode(self, node: dict, parent: dict, queues_opts: dict, pipe):
+    async def addNode(self, node: dict, parent: dict, queues_opts: Optional[dict], pipe: Any) -> dict:
         prefix = node.get("prefix", self.prefix)
         queue = self.queueFromNode(node, QueueKeys(prefix), prefix)
         queue_name = node.get("queueName")
@@ -116,25 +120,20 @@ async def addNode(self, node: dict, parent: dict, queues_opts: dict, pipe):
 
             return {"job": job}
 
-    async def add(self, flow: dict, opts: dict = {}):
+    async def add(self, flow: dict, opts: dict | None = None) -> dict:
+        opts = opts or {}
         parent_opts = flow.get("opts", {}).get("parent", None)
 
-        result = None
         async with self.redisConnection.conn.pipeline(transaction=True) as pipe:
             jobs_tree = await self.addNode(flow, {"parentOpts": parent_opts},opts.get("queuesOptions"), pipe)
             await pipe.execute()
-            result = jobs_tree
+            return jobs_tree
 
-        return result
-
-    async def addBulk(self, flows: list[dict]):
-        result = None
+    async def addBulk(self, flows: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
         async with self.redisConnection.conn.pipeline(transaction=True) as pipe:
             job_trees = await self.addNodes(flows, pipe)
             await pipe.execute()
-            result = job_trees
-
-        return result
+            return job_trees
 
     async def close(self):
         """