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+# MSC4506: Push rules for knocking
+
+[MSC2403](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/blob/main/proposals/2403-knock.md)
+lets users knock on a room: they send an `m.room.member` event with
+`content.membership: knock`, and wait for someone in the room to accept (invite) or reject (kick)
+them. A knock is only useful once someone who can act on it notices it - but today no push rule
+matches a knock, and the default `.m.rule.member_event` override rule explicitly matches all
+`m.room.member` events and applies no push actions.
+
+MSC2403 acknowledged the gap and deliberately deferred it:
+
+> To help knocks be noticed earlier, it would be nice to send a push notification to those in the
+> room who can act on a knock when it comes in, rather than everyone in the room. This would
+> require a push rule to fire only when that user's power level is high enough to accept or reject
+> a knock. With the current push rules implementation it is possible to place a condition on the
+> sender's power level, but unfortunately the same does not exist for event recipients. This MSC
+> thus does not propose any changes to push rules at this time, but acknowledges that it would be
+> useful for a future MSC to address when the underlying push rules architecture can support it.
+
+This MSC aims to fill that gap.  It adds the missing push rule architecture (a condition on the
+recipient's permissions) and uses it to define a default push rule for knocks which notifies
+only the members who can act on them.
+
+It takes some inspiration from [MSC4505](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/4505)
+and in turn [MSC3903](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3930)
+
+## Proposal
+
+### New condition: `recipient_permission`
+
+A new push rule condition kind is added, the recipient-side analogue of the existing
+[`sender_notification_permission`](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.11/client-server-api/#conditions-1)
+condition:
+
+```jsonc
+{"kind": "recipient_permission", "key": "invite"}
+```
+
+The condition matches if and only if the user for whom the push rules are being evaluated has
+a power level greater than or equal to the level required to perform the action named by `key`
+(in the context of the event's room).
+
+`key` is one of the permission-defining keys of
+[`m.room.power_levels`](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.11/client-server-api/#mroompower_levels):
+`invite`, `kick`, `ban` or `redact`.
+
+Both the user's power level and the required level are
+determined as they would be for performing the action itself, evaluated against the current state
+at the time of the event: the same point-in-time semantics as `sender_notification_permission`.
+
+If `key` is none of the values above, the condition does not match.
+
+### New default override rule: `.m.rule.knock`
+
+Using the new condition, a default override rule is defined, inserted immediately after
+`.m.rule.invite_for_me` - and thus before `.m.rule.member_event` (which would
+otherwise suppress it):
+
+```jsonc
+{
+  "rule_id": ".m.rule.knock",
+  "default": true,
+  "enabled": true,
+  "conditions": [
+    // Note: `.` is escaped once, but for valid JSON we need to escape the escape.
+    {"kind": "event_property_is", "key": "type", "value": "m\\.room\\.member"},
+    {"kind": "event_property_is", "key": "content.membership", "value": "knock"},
+    {"kind": "recipient_permission", "key": "invite"}
+  ],
+  "actions": [
+    "notify",
+    {"set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default"}
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+`key: "invite"` is used because accepting a knock *is* inviting the knocker: the set of
+users who can accept a knock is exactly the set who pass this condition. (Rejecting a knock is a
+kick, but a user who can only reject and not accept is not who this notification is for; see
+the Alternatives section.)
+
+## Potential issues
+
+In rooms where `invite` requires no power (the `m.room.power_levels` default for `invite` is 0),
+every member is pushed for every knock. This is semantically correct, and rooms that select the
+knock join rule to gate entry are overwhelmingly expected to also raise the `invite` level.
+Users who can act on knocks but don't want to hear about them can disable the rule; it is an
+ordinary default rule.
+
+A knocking user may re-send their knock membership event (e.g. to update the `reason`, or a
+profile change while knocked); each such event matches the rule again and re-pushes.
+Re-knocking after being denied likewise pushes again, which is correct behaviour but could be
+used to nag; the existing anti-abuse tools (server-side rate limiting of knocks, and rejecting +
+banning) apply.
+
+A user whose power level is raised past the invite level after a knock was sent will not be
+retroactively pushed about pending knocks; clients already surface pending knocks in the room UI
+(e.g. as a banner), which covers this case.
+
+The `recipient_permission` condition makes push rule evaluation depend on the recipient, not just
+the event. This is already the case for other conditions (`contains_display_name`,
+`event_match` on `user_id`-templated rules), so it introduces no new architectural constraint for
+implementations which evaluate rules per-user, but implementations which cache a single
+evaluation result per event would need to take the recipient's power level into account.
+
+As with any new condition kind, *clients* which re-evaluate push rules locally (as the major
+implementations do, treating unknown condition kinds as never matching) will not notify for the
+new rule until they implement the condition, even when their homeserver already pushes for it -
+for push-gateway-driven clients the push arrives but is discarded when the client recomputes the
+event's actions.
+
+## Alternatives
+
+ * Notify everyone in the room: (i.e. don't introduce the `recipient_permission` condition).
+   This is simpler, but of questionable value given we're pushing people for something they can't
+   act on, and it amplifies potential abuse vectors.  The only justification would be if you
+   were relying on non-moderators in the room to spot the knock and then nudge a moderator
+   or mod-bot to accept the knock.
+
+ * Support `key: "kick"` as well as `invite` for the `recipient_permission` condition.
+   A user with kick-but-not-invite power can only reject knocks; potentially we could push them
+   about knocks, but it feels like a strange default. A room that wants different behaviour
+   can define custom rules with `recipient_permission` directly anyohw.
+
+ * Don't set a default on the server at all.  Any client of the recipient could insert a user-scoped
+   rule via the push rules API - but no existing condition can express "I can invite", so this
+   does not avoid the new condition; and per-client rule lifecycle management leaves users of other
+   clients without notifications. A default server-side rule matches how every other notifying
+   event type works.
+
+## Security considerations
+
+The condition's inputs (the room's power levels and membership events) are ordinary room state
+already visible to all members; no new information is exposed.
+
+A malicious knocker can cause pushes to room moderators, but could already cause pushes to the
+same or larger audiences by other means (e.g. sending messages to any public room); knock rate
+limiting applies.
+
+## Unstable prefix
+
+While this MSC is not considered stable, implementations should use the following identifiers:
+
+| Stable | Unstable |
+|---|---|
+| `.m.rule.knock` | `.org.matrix.msc4506.rule.knock` |
+| `recipient_permission` (condition kind) | `org.matrix.msc4506.recipient_permission` |
+
+## Dependencies
+
+None
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