diff --git a/eslint.config.js b/eslint.config.js
index d92f44345..2f88eb2e8 100644
--- a/eslint.config.js
+++ b/eslint.config.js
@@ -40,18 +40,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
 			"no-underscore-dangle": "off",
 		},
 	},
-	{
-		files: ["packages/eslint-scope/Makefile.js"],
-		languageOptions: {
-			globals: {
-				...globals.shelljs,
-				target: false,
-			},
-		},
-		rules: {
-			"no-console": "off",
-		},
-	},
 	{
 		files: ["packages/eslint-scope/**"],
 		linterOptions: {
diff --git a/packages/eslint-scope/Makefile.js b/packages/eslint-scope/Makefile.js
deleted file mode 100644
index e299a7746..000000000
--- a/packages/eslint-scope/Makefile.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * @fileoverview Build file
- * @author nzakas
- * @copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors, https://openjsf.org/
- * MIT License
- */
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Requirements
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-import path from "node:path";
-import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
-
-import "shelljs/make.js";
-import checker from "npm-license";
-
-const dirname = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
-
-// `shelljs/make.js` global command to unset any `set('-e')` (to exit upon
-//    first error)
-set("+e");
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Settings
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-const OPEN_SOURCE_LICENSES = [
-	/MIT/u,
-	/BSD/u,
-	/Apache/u,
-	/ISC/u,
-	/WTF/u,
-	/Public Domain/u,
-];
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Data
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-const NODE = "node",
-	NODE_MODULES = "../../node_modules",
-	// Utilities - intentional extra space at the end of each string
-	MOCHA = `${NODE_MODULES}/mocha/bin/_mocha `,
-	// If switching back to Istanbul when may be working with ESM
-	// ISTANBUL = `${NODE} ${NODE_MODULES}/istanbul/lib/cli.js `,
-	C8 = `${NODE} ${NODE_MODULES}/c8/bin/c8.js`,
-	// Files
-	TEST_FILES = "tests/**/*.test.js",
-	CJS_TEST_FILES = "tests/**/*.test.cjs";
-
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Tasks
-//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-target.all = function () {
-	target.test();
-};
-
-target.test = function () {
-	let errors = 0;
-	let lastReturn = exec(
-		`${NODE} ${MOCHA} -- -R progress -c ${CJS_TEST_FILES}`,
-	);
-
-	if (lastReturn.code !== 0) {
-		errors++;
-	}
-
-	lastReturn = exec(`${C8} ${MOCHA} -- -R progress -c ${TEST_FILES}`);
-
-	if (lastReturn.code !== 0) {
-		errors++;
-	}
-
-	if (errors) {
-		exit(1);
-	}
-
-	target.checkLicenses();
-};
-
-target.checkLicenses = function () {
-	/**
-	 * Returns true if the given dependency's licenses are all permissable for use in OSS
-	 * @param  {Object}  dependency object containing the name and licenses of the given dependency
-	 * @returns {boolean} is permissable dependency
-	 */
-	function isPermissible(dependency) {
-		const licenses = dependency.licenses;
-
-		if (Array.isArray(licenses)) {
-			return licenses.some(license =>
-				isPermissible({
-					name: dependency.name,
-					licenses: license,
-				}),
-			);
-		}
-
-		return OPEN_SOURCE_LICENSES.some(license => license.test(licenses));
-	}
-
-	echo("Validating licenses");
-
-	checker.init(
-		{
-			start: dirname,
-			meta: "./licenses-meta-data.json",
-		},
-		deps => {
-			const impermissible = Object.keys(deps)
-				.map(dependency => ({
-					name: dependency,
-					licenses: deps[dependency].licenses,
-				}))
-				.filter(dependency => !isPermissible(dependency));
-
-			if (impermissible.length) {
-				impermissible.forEach(dependency => {
-					console.error(
-						"%s license for %s is impermissible.",
-						dependency.licenses,
-						dependency.name,
-					);
-				});
-				exit(1);
-			}
-		},
-	);
-};
diff --git a/packages/eslint-scope/package.json b/packages/eslint-scope/package.json
index 590a0b331..561ea77bc 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-scope/package.json
+++ b/packages/eslint-scope/package.json
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@
     "build": "rollup -c",
     "lint:types": "attw --pack",
     "pretest": "npm run build",
-    "test": "npm run test:types && npm run test:unit",
+    "test": "npm run test:types && npm run test:unit && npm run test:licenses",
+    "test:coverage": "c8 npm run test:unit",
+    "test:licenses": "node tools/check-licenses.js",
     "test:types": "tsc -p tsconfig.json && tsc -p tests/types/tsconfig.json",
-    "test:unit": "node Makefile.js test"
+    "test:unit": "mocha \"tests/**/*.test.{js,cjs}\""
   },
   "files": [
     "LICENSE",
@@ -61,7 +63,6 @@
     "eslint": "^10.4.0",
     "eslint-visitor-keys": "^5.0.1",
     "espree": "^11.2.0",
-    "npm-license": "^0.3.3",
-    "shelljs": "^0.10.0"
+    "npm-license": "^0.3.3"
   }
 }
diff --git a/packages/eslint-scope/tools/check-licenses.js b/packages/eslint-scope/tools/check-licenses.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e089d1dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/eslint-scope/tools/check-licenses.js
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/**
+ * @fileoverview Build file
+ * @author nzakas
+ * @copyright OpenJS Foundation and other contributors, https://openjsf.org/
+ * MIT License
+ */
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Requirements
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
+import checker from "npm-license";
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Settings
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const OPEN_SOURCE_LICENSES = [
+	/MIT/u,
+	/BSD/u,
+	/Apache/u,
+	/ISC/u,
+	/WTF/u,
+	/Public Domain/u,
+];
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Helpers
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/**
+ * Returns true if the given dependency's licenses are all permissable for use in OSS
+ * @param {Object} dependency object containing the name and licenses of the given dependency
+ * @returns {boolean} is permissable dependency
+ */
+function isPermissible(dependency) {
+	const licenses = dependency.licenses;
+
+	if (Array.isArray(licenses)) {
+		return licenses.some(license =>
+			isPermissible({
+				name: dependency.name,
+				licenses: license,
+			}),
+		);
+	}
+
+	return OPEN_SOURCE_LICENSES.some(license => license.test(licenses));
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// License Checking
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+checker.init(
+	{
+		start: fileURLToPath(new URL("..", import.meta.url)),
+		meta: "./tools/licenses-meta-data.json",
+	},
+	deps => {
+		const impermissible = Object.keys(deps)
+			.map(dependency => ({
+				name: dependency,
+				licenses: deps[dependency].licenses,
+			}))
+			.filter(dependency => !isPermissible(dependency));
+
+		if (impermissible.length) {
+			impermissible.forEach(dependency => {
+				console.error(
+					"%s license for %s is impermissible.",
+					dependency.licenses,
+					dependency.name,
+				);
+			});
+			process.exitCode = 1;
+		}
+	},
+);
diff --git a/packages/eslint-scope/licenses-meta-data.json b/packages/eslint-scope/tools/licenses-meta-data.json
similarity index 100%
rename from packages/eslint-scope/licenses-meta-data.json
rename to packages/eslint-scope/tools/licenses-meta-data.json
diff --git a/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/README.md b/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/README.md
index 5e8137f31..f2258f37c 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/README.md
+++ b/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/README.md
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Welcome. See [ESLint contribution guidelines](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/con
 
 ### Development commands
 
-- `npm test` runs tests and measures code coverage.
+- `npm test` runs tests.
 - `npm run lint` checks source codes with ESLint.
 - `npm run test:coverage` runs tests and generates code coverage report.
 
diff --git a/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/package.json b/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/package.json
index 31c05ef43..ff01546dd 100644
--- a/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/package.json
+++ b/packages/eslint-visitor-keys/package.json
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
     "test": "npm run test:types && npm run test:unit",
     "test:coverage": "c8 npm run test:unit",
     "test:types": "tsd",
-    "test:unit": "mocha \"tests/**/*.test.cjs\" && mocha \"tests/**/*.test.js\""
+    "test:unit": "mocha \"tests/**/*.test.{js,cjs}\""
   },
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
diff --git a/packages/espree/package.json b/packages/espree/package.json
index 9d68e6ce8..ac28d8311 100644
--- a/packages/espree/package.json
+++ b/packages/espree/package.json
@@ -63,10 +63,9 @@
     "lint:types": "attw --pack",
     "pretest": "npm run build",
     "test": "npm run test:types && npm run test:unit",
-    "test:cjs": "mocha --color --reporter progress --timeout 30000 \"tests/**/*.test.cjs\"",
-    "test:esm": "c8 mocha --color --reporter progress --timeout 30000 \"tests/**/*.test.js\"",
+    "test:coverage": "c8 npm run test:unit",
     "test:types": "tsd --typings dist/espree.d.ts",
-    "test:unit": "npm run test:cjs && npm run test:esm"
+    "test:unit": "mocha \"tests/**/*.test.{js,cjs}\""
   },
   "sideEffects": false
 }