diff --git a/enzyme/Enzyme/LibraryFuncs.h b/enzyme/Enzyme/LibraryFuncs.h
index 27697bc41a5..b22372c2fdf 100644
--- a/enzyme/Enzyme/LibraryFuncs.h
+++ b/enzyme/Enzyme/LibraryFuncs.h
@@ -135,6 +135,8 @@ static inline bool isDeallocationFunction(const llvm::StringRef name,
       return true;
     if (name == "swift_release")
       return true;
+    if (name == "NRT_decref")
+      return true;
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/enzyme/test/Enzyme/ReverseMode/nrtdealloc.ll b/enzyme/test/Enzyme/ReverseMode/nrtdealloc.ll
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bdfe9464c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enzyme/test/Enzyme/ReverseMode/nrtdealloc.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+; RUN: %opt < %s %newLoadEnzyme -passes="preserve-nvvm,enzyme,function(mem2reg,instsimplify,adce,loop(loop-deletion),correlated-propagation,%simplifycfg)" -enzyme-preopt=false -S | FileCheck %s
+
+; Regression test: the Numba runtime's reference-count release, NRT_decref,
+; must be recognized as a deallocation function (isDeallocationFunction),
+; the same way swift_release / __rust_dealloc / _mlir_memref_to_llvm_free are.
+;
+; This uses the actual Numba NRT functions: an array is allocated with
+; NRT_MemInfo_alloc_aligned and released with NRT_decref (the IR Numba emits).
+; The allocation is registered with __enzyme_allocation_like so Enzyme knows
+; how to shadow it self-contained; its shadow-free is registered as @free, NOT
+; NRT_decref -- so the recognition of the SOURCE NRT_decref as a deallocation
+; depends solely on isDeallocationFunction (the change under test), not on the
+; allocation/free pairing.
+;
+; With the recognition, the allocation/NRT_decref pair is dead in the forward
+; pass, so the augmented function is empty and the reverse pass re-allocates a
+; shadow (via NRT_MemInfo_alloc_aligned) and frees it once, with no NRT_decref
+; duplicated into the derivative.  Before recognizing NRT_decref, differentiating
+; @sum fails outright with "Enzyme: No augmented forward pass found for
+; NRT_decref".  Pointer spellings are matched loosely so the test passes under
+; both the typed-pointer (LLVM <= 16) and opaque-pointer (LLVM >= 17) forms.
+
+@.dealloc = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i8] c"-1\00"
+@__enzyme_allocation_like = global [4 x i8*] [
+  i8* bitcast (i8* (i64, i32)* @NRT_MemInfo_alloc_aligned to i8*),
+  i8* inttoptr (i64 0 to i8*),
+  i8* getelementptr inbounds ([3 x i8], [3 x i8]* @.dealloc, i64 0, i64 0),
+  i8* bitcast (void (i8*)* @free to i8*)
+]
+
+declare noalias i8* @NRT_MemInfo_alloc_aligned(i64, i32)
+declare void @NRT_decref(i8*)
+declare void @free(i8*)
+
+define dso_local double @subsum(double* nocapture readonly %x, i64 %n) {
+entry:
+  %m = call i8* @NRT_MemInfo_alloc_aligned(i64 8, i32 32)
+  %v = bitcast i8* %m to double*
+  br label %for.body
+
+for.cond.cleanup:                                 ; preds = %for.body
+  %res = load double, double* %v
+  call void @NRT_decref(i8* %m)
+  ret double %res
+
+for.body:                                         ; preds = %entry, %for.body
+  %indvars.iv = phi i64 [ 0, %entry ], [ %indvars.iv.next, %for.body ]
+  %total.07 = phi double [ 0.000000e+00, %entry ], [ %add, %for.body ]
+  %arrayidx = getelementptr inbounds double, double* %x, i64 %indvars.iv
+  %0 = load double, double* %arrayidx, align 8
+  %add = fadd fast double %0, %total.07
+  store double %add, double* %v
+  %indvars.iv.next = add nuw i64 %indvars.iv, 1
+  %exitcond = icmp eq i64 %indvars.iv, %n
+  br i1 %exitcond, label %for.cond.cleanup, label %for.body
+}
+
+define dso_local double @sum(double* nocapture readonly %x, i64 %n) {
+entry:
+  %res = call double @subsum(double* %x, i64 %n)
+  store double 0.000000e+00, double* %x
+  ret double %res
+}
+
+define dso_local void @dsum(double* %x, double* %xp, i64 %n) {
+entry:
+  %0 = tail call double (double (double*, i64)*, ...) @__enzyme_autodiff(double (double*, i64)* nonnull @sum, double* %x, double* %xp, i64 %n)
+  ret void
+}
+
+declare double @__enzyme_autodiff(double (double*, i64)*, ...)
+
+; The recognized allocation/NRT_decref pair is dead in the forward pass, so the
+; augmented function caches nothing and is empty -- impossible unless the
+; NRT_decref is understood to free the allocation.
+; CHECK: define internal void @augmented_subsum(
+; CHECK-NEXT: entry:
+; CHECK-NEXT: ret void
+; CHECK-NEXT: }
+
+; The reverse pass re-allocates a shadow with the real NRT allocator and frees
+; it exactly once.  NRT_decref is never duplicated into the derivative.
+; CHECK: define internal void @diffesubsum(
+; CHECK: %"m'mi" = call {{.*}}@NRT_MemInfo_alloc_aligned(i64 8, i32 32)
+; CHECK: call void @free({{.*}}%"m'mi")
+; CHECK-NOT: NRT_decref